目的 通过对花青素苷相关合成基因的表达水平和代谢产物的分析，系统地阐明‘金华美女’叶色变异与基因表达的关系。 方法 以‘金华美女’为材料，‘贝拉大玫瑰’、杜鹃红山茶和红山茶为参照组，使用NCBI Primer Designing Tool设计山茶DFR、ANS、LAR、ANR和UFGT基因的荧光定量引物，使用实时荧光定量PCR仪测定这5个基因在叶片4个发育时期的表达量；采用高效液相色谱仪测定对应时期的多酚合成途径的主要次生代谢产物（儿茶素、表儿茶素），以及花青素苷合成途径的主要代谢产物矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷的含量。 结果 表明：（1）在4个时期中，红叶品种叶片中DFR基因表达量与对照组差异不显著，ANS、LAR、ANR和UFGT基因在4个时期的表达量与对照组存在显著差异，这说明‘金华美女’类黄酮代谢途径相关基因在表达水平上发生了改变；（2）‘金华美女’叶片中多酚含量明显低于对照组，其中，表儿茶素含量仅为0.04~0.21 mg·g^-1，这说明在生理水平上，‘金华美女’叶片中多酚合成途径可能受阻；（3）‘金华美女’叶片中矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量达1.2~1.4 mg·g^-1，4个生长阶段均显著高于对照组，这说明‘金华美女’叶片具备持续合成花青素苷的能力。 结论 根据试验结果，推断‘金华美女’叶色变异的主要原因可能是由于花青素还原酶基因的表达水平受到了抑制，降低了矢车菊素催化成表儿茶素的效率，使叶片类黄酮代谢途径中以多酚为主的合成方向转向花青素苷合成方向。

Carbon partition in plants is one of the key points for carbon cycle research. In order to estimate the carbon storage of shelterbelts in plain areas of China accurately, the method of biomass inventory was used to study the individual biomass, organ carbon storage and partition in different organs of 8, 10, 13 and 16 year-old poplar shelterbelts in Yuncheng, Shandong Province. The results indicated that the biomass of different poplar organs followed the pattern of trunk>branch>root>leaf, and the biomass of trunk and branch accounted for about 80% of the total. The carbon concentration of the different organs followed leaf>branch >trunk >root. The carbon concentration of different organs ranged between 43.51% and 70.49%. The carbon concentration of the four age groups’ shelterbelts were higher than 50%, which was slightly higher than the average carbon concentration of poplar in Northern China(48.80%). The variation coefficient of carbon concentration was the smallest for leaf, and the largest for root. As for the difference of carbon concentration, it was significant among different organs for all the four age groups, and not significant among the whole trees for the four age groups. The carbon storage was closely related to its biomass for all tree organs, and its sequence was trunk>branch>root>leaf. The proportion of trunk carbon storage obviously increased with tree age.

［目的］ 利用分子生物学技术探讨杜鹃红山茶CaAPX基因的表达模式及在模式植物烟草中所起的抗寒、耐热作用，为今后山茶花抗逆育种奠定基础。［方法］ 根据山茶花同源序列设计特异性引物，利用同源克隆和3'，5'-RACE技术，从杜鹃红山茶嫩叶组织中克隆出抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX），命名为CaAPX，基因全长1 097 bp，开放阅读框753 bp，编码250个氨基酸。实时荧光定量PCR对杜鹃红山茶7种组织和温度胁迫下该基因的表达模式进行分析。［结果］ 表明：CaAPX基因在杜鹃红山茶7种组织中均得到表达，但表达水平不一，表达量由高到低依次为：未成熟果实 >嫩叶 >花苞 >叶芽 >种胚 >花瓣 >花芽，其中，未成熟果实中的表达量是其它组织的2.6811.44倍；温度胁迫处理8 h后该基因呈上调表达，CaAPX基因表达量分别是0 h的3.49和2.67倍。CaAPX基因转化烟草分析表明，过量表达CaAPX基因后，APX活性提高了2.584.09倍，抗坏血酸（AsA）含量提高了2.673.56倍，并且转基因烟草植株的抗寒、耐热能力也获得提高。［结论］ 通过过量表达CaAPX基因能够提高烟草植株的抗寒、耐热性，为山茶花抗逆育种提供了科学依据。